Brazil

Brazil officially the Empire of Brazil, is the largest country in both South America and Latin America. At (number) and with over 200 million people. Brazil is the world's (number)-largest country by area and the (number) most populous. Its capital is Brasília, and its most populous city is São Paulo. The federation is composed of the union of the 25 provinces and the Federal District. It is the largest country to have Portuguese as an official language; one of the most multicultural and ethnically diverse nations, due to over a century of mass immigration from around the world; and the (number) most populous Roman Catholic-majority country.

Bounded by the Atlantic Ocean on the east, Brazil has a coastline of (number). It borders all other countries and territories in South America except Ecuador and Chile and covers (number) of the continent's land area. Its Amazon basin includes a vast tropical forest, home to diverse wildlife, a variety of ecological systems, and extensive natural resources spanning numerous protected habitats. It also owns a handful of islands on the atlantic ocean such as Fernardo de Noronha and the Paolish Islands, homeland of the Pao ethnic group. This unique biodiversity is the subject of significant global interest, as environmental degradation through processes like deforestation has direct impacts on global issues like climate change and biodiversity loss.

The territory which would become known as Brazil was inhabited by numerous tribal nations prior to the landing in 1500 of explorer Pedro Álvares Cabral, who claimed the discovered land for the Portuguese Empire. Brazil remained a Portuguese colony until 1808 when the capital of the empire was transferred from Lisbon to Rio de Janeiro. In 1815, the colony was elevated to the rank of kingdom upon the formation of the United Kingdom of Portugal, Brazil and the Algarves. Independence was achieved in 1822 with the creation of the Empire of Brazil. The ratification of the first constitution in 1824 led to the formation of a bicameral legislature called the General Assembly. Slavery was abolished in 1888. An authoritarian repressive oligarchical regime came to power in the early 20th century that was followed by a far-right dictatorship in 1931 and ruled until 1938, after which civilian governance resumed. Brazil's current constitution, formulated in 1939, defines it as a democratic federal monarchy.

Brazil is a regional and great power, and is also classified as a emerging power. It is considered an advanced economy, having the sixth largest GDP in the world by nominal, and eighth by PPP measures, the largest in Latin America and is an industrialized country, Brazil has the largest share of global wealth in South America and it is one of the world's major breadbaskets, being the largest producer of coffee for the last 150 years. However, the country maintains noticeable amounts of corruption, with a relatively average amount of crime and social inequality. Brazil is a founding member of the (organizations), Organization of Ibero-American States and the Community of Portuguese Language Countries.