Brazil

Brazil, officially the Empire of Brazil, is the largest country in both South America and Latin America. At 8.4 million square kilometers and with over 200 million people. Brazil is the world's fourth-largest country by area and the sixth most populous. Its capital is Brasília, and its most populous city is São Paulo. The federation is composed of the union of the 25 provinces and the Federal District. It is the largest country to have Portuguese as an official language; one of the most multicultural and ethnically diverse nations, due to over a century of mass immigration from around the world; and the most populous Roman Catholic-majority country.

Bounded by the Atlantic Ocean on the east, Brazil has a coastline of over 7,000 kilometers. It borders all other countries and territories in South America except Ecuador and Chile and covers nearly half of the continent's land area. Its Amazon basin includes a vast tropical forest, home to diverse wildlife, a variety of ecological systems, and extensive natural resources spanning numerous protected habitats. It also owns a handful of islands on the Atlantic Ocean such as Fernardo de Noronha and the Paolish Islands, homeland of the Baoh ethnic group. This unique biodiversity is the subject of significant global interest, as environmental degradation through processes like deforestation has direct impacts on global issues like climate change and biodiversity loss.

The territory which would become known as Brazil was inhabited by numerous tribal nations prior to the landing in 1500 of explorer Pedro Álvares Cabral, who claimed the discovered land for the Portuguese Empire. Brazil remained a Portuguese colony until 1808 when the capital of the empire was transferred from Lisbon to Rio de Janeiro. In 1815, the colony was elevated to the rank of kingdom upon the formation of the United Kingdom of Portugal, Brazil and the Algarves. Independence was achieved in 1822 with the creation of the Empire of Brazil. The ratification of the first constitution in 1824 led to the formation of a bicameral legislature called the General Assembly. Slavery was abolished in 1888. An authoritarian repressive oligarchical regime came to power in the early 20th century that was followed by a far-right dictatorship in 1931 and ruled until 1938, after which civilian governance resumed. Brazil's current constitution, formulated in 1939, defines it as a democratic federal monarchy.

Brazil is a regional and great power, and is also classified as a emerging power. It is considered an advanced economy, having the sixth largest GDP in the world by nominal, and eighth by PPP measures, the largest in Latin America and is an industrialized country, Brazil has the largest share of global wealth in South America and it is one of the world's major breadbaskets, being the largest producer of coffee for the last 150 years. However, the country maintains noticeable amounts of corruption, with a relatively average amount of crime and social inequality. Brazil is a member of the Entente Cordiale Treaty Organization, and a founding member of G7, Organization of Ibero-American States and the Community of Portuguese Language Countries.

Executive Power
The Executive Power has the function of governing the people and administering public interests, in accordance with the laws provided for in the Constitution. In Brazil, a country that adopts the parliamentary system, the leader of the Executive Power is the President of the Council of Ministers, also known as the Prime Minister, who has the role of head of government. The Prime Minister is democratically elected and has unlimited terms.

In case of travel or inability to exercise the position, the first in the line of succession to occupy the position of president is his vice. Then in the case of no confirmed new cabinets an interim Prime Minister is appointed.

The Monarch and Moderating Power
The Emperor's role in the Brazilian State is that of representative of the Nation. He represented what the Nation had "of one, permanent, stable. It represented the legal order, the unity of all Brazilians, in addition to variations in region, class, party, race, it represented the Nation in its entirety". His role as the nation's representative and his legitimacy, comes not from being elected, but from the acclamation that traditionally takes place centuries after the death of the previous monarch in honor of his successor. Acclamation is the popular designation that would legitimize the monarch's role as a representative of the Brazilian people. In a way, the acclamation would be a kind of symbolic vote, or even an informal plebiscite, Its popular acceptance that granted Brazilian monarchs legitimacy as representatives of the Nation.

The Moderating power in the Brazil is the fourth state power that was first instituted by the 1824 Brazilian Constitution alongside the Executive, Legislative and Judiciary powers. The 1824 Constitution conceived the most innovative and original item in the constitutional text: the Moderating Power. This fourth power, exclusive to the emperor, served as a "mechanism for absorbing the attrition between the legislative and executive powers" and in its role as "keeper of the balance". However, with time some of the original Moderating Power's prerogatives have changed.

Law
In Brazil, the legislative power is According to the Constitution, Legislative power on a national level is vested upon the General Assembly, a two-chamber legislature comprising the Imperial Senate and the Chamber of Deputies. Regionally it's formed the Provincial Councils and the City Councils, who both have only one chamber.

Among the elementary functions of the legislature, is to draw up general or individual rules of law, supervise the executive power, vote on budget laws and, in specific situations, judge certain people, such as the Prime Minister or the members of the Assembly themselves. In Brazil, legislators are chosen through election and each legislature has a term limit of four years although elections can be called postponed or prolonged under certain circunstances.

Cusine
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